有关社会的20句名人名言哲理格言警句语录

现代社会让我们焦虑的另一个缘故是，我们除了人类以外没有其它重心。我们是从古至今的第一个无神社会，除了我们自己以外，我们不膜拜任何事物，我们对自己评价极高，为什么不呢，我们把人送上月球，达成了许多不可思议的事，我们习惯崇拜自己。

The other thing about modern society and why it causes this anxiety, is that we have nothing at its center that is non-human. We are the first society to be living in a world where we don't worship anything other than ourselves. We think very highly of ourselves, and so we should; we've put people on the Moon, done all sorts of extraordinary things. And so we tend to worship ourselves.

阿兰·德波顿

我很喜欢圣奥古斯丁在“上帝之城”里的一句话，他说“以社会地位评价人是一种罪”。用现在的口吻说，看一个人的名片来决定你是否要和他交谈是罪。对圣奥古斯丁来说，人的价值不在他的社会地位，只有神可以决定一个人的价值，他将在天使围绕、小号奏鸣，天空破开的世界末日给于最后审判，如果你是像我一样的世俗论者，这想法太疯狂了，但这想法有它的价值。

I'm drawn to a lovely quote by St. Augustine in "The City of God," where he says, "It's a sin to judge any man by his post." In modern English that would mean it's a sinto come to any view of who you should talk to, dependent on their business card. It's not the post that should count. According to St. Augustine, only God can really put everybody in their place; he's going to do that on the Day of Judgment, with angels and trumpets, and the skies will open. Insane idea, if you're a secularist person, like me. But something very valuable in that idea, nevertheless.

阿兰·德波顿

有什么方法可以解决刚才提到的这些焦虑呢？是有的。我想提出几项，先说“功绩主义”，也就是相信每个人的地位忠实呈现他的能力，我认为这种想法太疯狂了，我可以支持所有相信这个想法的，无论是左倾还是右倾的政治家，我同样相信功绩主义，但我认为一个完全彻底以能力取决地位的社会，是个不可能的梦想。

Is there any relief from some of thesepressures that I've been outlining? I think there is. I just want to turn to afew of them. Let's take meritocracy. This idea that everybody deserves to getwhere they get to, I think it's a crazy idea, completely crazy. I will support any politician of Left and Right, with any halfway-decent meritocratic idea; I am a meritocrat in that sense. But I think it's insane to believe that we will ever make a society that is genuinely meritocratic; it's an impossible dream.

阿兰·德波顿

如果你做的很好，这是件令人愉快的事。相反的情况，就很令人沮丧。社会学家Emil，Durkheim分析发现，这提高了自杀率，追求个人主义的发达国家的自杀率，高过于世界上其它地方，原因是人们把发生在自己身上的事情，全当作自己的责任，人们拥有成功，也拥有失败。

That's exhilarating if you're doing well, and very crushing if you're not. It leads, in the worst cases -- in the analysis of a sociologist like Emil Durkheim -- it leads to increased rates of suicide. There are more suicides in developed, individualistic countries than in any other part of the world. And some of the reason for that is that people take what happens to them extremely personally -- they own their success, but they also own their failure.

阿兰·德波顿

不幸的人，尤其在美国，如果人们遇见一些社会底层的人，他们被刻薄地形容成“失败者”，“不走运”和“失败者”中间有很大的差别，这表现了四百年的社会演变，我们对谁该为人生负责看法的改变，神不再掌握我们的命运，我们掌握自己的人生。

Nowadays, particularly in the United States, if you meet someone at the bottom of society, they may unkindly be described as a "loser." There's a real difference between an unfortunate and a loser, and that shows 400 years of evolution in society and our belief in who is responsible for our lives. It's no longer the gods, it's us. We're in the driving seat.

阿兰·德波顿

问题是，如果你打从心里相信，那些在社会顶层的人都是精英，同时你也暗示着，以一种残忍的方法，相信那些在社会底层的人，天生就该在社会底层，换句话说，你在社会的地位不是偶然，而都是你配得的，这种想法让失败变得更残忍。

The problem is, if you really believe in a society where those who merit to get to the top, get to the top, you'll also, by implication, and in a far more nasty way, believe in a society where those who deserve to get to the bottom also get to the bottom and stay there. I nother words, your position in life comes to seem not accidental, but merited and deserved. And that makes failure seem much more crushing.

阿兰·德波顿

现在，无论是左倾还是右倾的政治人物，都同意“功绩主义”是个好事。我们应该尽力让我们的社会崇尚“功绩主义”，换句话说，一个崇尚“功绩主义”的社会是什么样的呢？一个崇尚功绩主义的社会相信，如果你有才能、精力和技术，你就会飞黄腾达，没有什么能阻止你，这是个美好的想法。

Everybody, all politicians on Left and Right, agree that meritocracy is a great thing, and we should all be trying to make our societies really, really meritocratic. In other words -- what is a meritocratic society? A meritocratic society is one in which, if you've got talent and energy and skill, you will get to the top, nothing should hold you back. It's a beautiful idea.

阿兰·德波顿

这两者中间有着绝对的关联，一个告诉人们他们无所不能的社会，和缺乏自信有着绝对的关联。另一件好事也会带来坏影响的例子，还有一些其它原因造成我们对事业，对我们在世上的地位感到前所未有的焦虑，再一次地，它也和好的概念有关，这个好概念叫做“功绩主义”。

There's a real correlation between a society that tells people that they can do anything, and the existence of low self-esteem. So that's another way in which something quite positive can have a nasty kickback. There is another reason why we might be feeling more anxious --about our careers, about our status in the world today, than ever before. And it's, again, linked to something nice. And that nice thing is called meritocracy.

阿兰·德波顿

今日社会的问题是，它把全世界变成了一个学校，每个人都穿着牛仔裤，每个人都一样。但并非如此，当生而平等的概念遇上现实中悬殊的不平等，巨大的压力就出现了。

The problem of modern society is it turns the whole world into a school. Everybody's wearing jeans, everybody's the same. And yet, they're not. So there's a spirit of equality combined with deep inequality, which can make for a very stressful situation.

阿兰·德波顿

嫉妒在今日是一种禁忌话题，但这个社会上最普遍的感受，便是嫉妒。嫉妒来自生而平等的精神。

Envy, it's a real taboo to mention envy, but if there's one dominant emotion in modern society, that is envy. And it's linked to the spirit of equality.

阿兰·德波顿

不一定是你我的母亲，而是一个理想母亲的想象，一个永远义无反顾的爱你，不在乎你是否功成名就的人，不幸地，大部分世人都不怀有这种母爱，大部分世人决定要花费多少时间，给于多少爱，不一定是浪漫的那种爱，虽然那也包括在内，世人所愿意给我们的关爱、尊重，取决于我们的社会地位。

Not necessarily your mother, or indeed mine, but, as it were, the ideal mother, somebody who doesn't care about your achievements. Unfortunately, most people are not our mothers. Most people make a strict correlation between how much time, and if you like, love -- not romantic love, though that may be something -- but love in general, respect --they are willing to accord us, that will be strictly defined by our position in the social hierarchy.

阿兰·德波顿

当我们穿着医院的病服，等待死亡的来临时，我们易于对那些因为我们的社会地位而爱我们的人产生愤怒和反感，同时对他人精心策划这些缺乏感情的诱惑，以及我们虚荣地受到他们的诱惑而生气不已。

阿兰·德波顿

被动的感觉和困惑的感觉。或者我们可以更加野心勃勃地说，理解这一切将是我们迈出的第一步，以此开始我们可以改变或者挑战社会理想，从而建立一个更美好的社会。

阿兰·德波顿

但能够追求自己真正需求的特权状态，而处在现在的生活状态之中，我们则艳羡那些与我们自己的个性毫无关联的生活方式。科技落后的史前社会就是卢梭所谓的自然状态，男人和女人都生活在森林之中，他们从未进过商店，也从未读过报纸，但这位哲学家认为，这种状态下的人们能够更容易地理解自己，更易于追求幸福人生所真正需要的东西：对家庭的热爱、对自然的崇敬、对宇宙美的敬畏、对他人的好奇，以及对音乐和简单娱乐方式的喜爱。正是现代商业“文明”强行使我们从这种状态下脱离出来，让我们在一个富裕的社会里忍受嫉妒、渴望和痛苦的煎熬。

阿兰·德波顿

贫困的最根本特征，贫困最令人痛苦的地方，并不是它所导致的身体上的痛苦，而是他人对贫困状态的负面反应所导致的羞耻感，是贫困状态违反了斯密所称的“既定的社会体面原则”所产生的羞耻感。

阿兰·德波顿

贫穷本身就是一种痛苦，而在精英崇拜的社会里，贫穷更是一种羞辱。

阿兰·德波顿

要想把我们的社会交往名单进行筛选和清除，最好的方法就是思考在我们的熟人中间，有哪些人会跑到医院去探望我们。