The stranger is close to us, insofar as we feel between him and ourselves common features of a national, social, occupational, or generally human, nature. He is far from us, insofar as these common features extend beyond him or us, and connect us only because they connect a great many people.
与孟子不同，荀子主张“性恶”，认为人性本恶。因而更强调人为的作用，通过后天的人为的努力才能达到“善”。没有本性那么人为的努力就不能对症下药，没有人为的努力，本性就不能改善。所以主张“性伪合”，天生的本性和后天的努力对人都有重要影响，而后天的努力更为重要，它是我们能够自己掌控的，“学不可以已”的意义就更大。
采矿技术的创新不是一种选择，而是我们对工人和环境应尽的义务。